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The backbone

  • 1 spīna

        spīna ae, f    [SPI-], a thorn: spinae acutae, V.: spinis conserto tegmine nullis, O.— A prickle, spine: animantium aliae spinis hirsutae: spinā nocuus, O.— The backbone, spine: duplex, V.: a spinae crate teneri, O.: Spina viret, the back, O.: spinae curvamen, O.—Fig., plur, thorns, difficulties, subtleties, perplexities: disserendi spinae: partiendi et definiendi, intricacies: spinas animo evellere, cares, H.: Quid te exempta levat spinis de pluribus una, errors, H.
    * * *
    thorn/spine/prickle (plant/animal); spike (asparagus); thorn-bush; blackthorn; spine/backbone/back; Circus center wall; fish-bone; difficulties (pl.); cares

    Latin-English dictionary > spīna

  • 2 spina

    spīna, ae, f. [root spī, whence also spicna, spīca, spinus], a thorn.
    I.
    Lit.:

    cum lubrica serpens Exuit in spinis vestem,

    Lucr. 4, 61; cf. Prop. 4 (5), 5, 1; Verg. E. 5, 39; Col. 3, 11, 5; Plin. 21, 15, 54, § 91 al.:

    consertum tegumen spinis,

    Verg. A. 3, 594; cf. Ov. M. 14, 166; id. P. 2, 2, 36; Tac. G. 17. —Of particular kinds of thorny plants or shrubs:

    solstitialis,

    Col. 2, 18, 1:

    alba,

    whitethorn, hawthorn, id. 7, 7, 2; 7, 9, 6; 3, 11, 5; Plin. 21, 11, 39, § 68; 24, 12, 66, § 108: Aegyptia, the Egyptian blackthorn or sloe, id. 13, 11, 20, § 66; 24, 12, 65, § 107:

    Arabica,

    Arabian acacia, id. 24, 12, 65, § 107.—
    B.
    Transf., of things of a like shape.
    1.
    A prickle or spine of certain animals (as the hedgehog, sea-urchin, etc.): animantium aliae coriis tectae sunt, aliae villis vestitae, aliae spinis hirsutae, Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 121:

    hystrices spinā contectae (with aculei),

    Plin. 8, 35, 53, § 125; 9, 59, 85, § 182:

    spinā nocuus,

    Ov. Hal. 130.—
    2.
    A fish-bone:

    humus spinis cooperta piscium,

    Quint. 8, 3, 66; Ov. M. 8, 244.—
    3.
    The backbone, spine:

    caput spina excipit: ea constat ex vertebris quattuor et viginti, etc.,

    Cels. 8, 1; 8, 9, 2; 8, 14; Plin. 11, 37, 68, § 179; Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 5; Col. 6, 29, 2; Verg. G. 3, 87; Ov. M. 8, 806:

    dorsi spina, Aug. Civ. Dei, 19, 4, n. 2: spina quae est in dorso,

    Gell. 3, 10, 7.— Hence, poet., the back, Ov. M. 6, 380; 3, 66; 3, 672.—
    4.
    Spina, a low wall dividing the circus lengthwise, around which was the race-course; the barrier, Cassiod. Var. 3, 51; Schol. Juv. 6, 588.—
    5.
    A toothpick:

    argentea,

    Petr. 32 fin. —
    II.
    Trop., in plur.
    1.
    Thorns, i. e. difficulties, subtleties, perplexities in speaking and debating (class.):

    disserendi spinae,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 28, 79; cf.:

    partiendi et definiendi,

    subtleties, intricacies, id. Tusc. 4, 5, 9; cf.:

    hominum more non spinas vellentium, ut Stoici,

    id. Fin. 4, 3, 6.—
    2.
    Cares:

    certemus, spinas animone ego fortius an tu Evellas agro,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 4.—
    3.
    Errors:

    quid te exemta juvat spinis de pluribus una,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 212.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > spina

  • 3 cratis

    crātis, is ( nom. sing. only Veg. Art. Vet. 1, 56, 5; acc. sing. cratim, Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 65), f. [Sanscr. kart, to spin; cf. crassus], wicker-work, a hurdle.
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.
    1.
    Sing. (rare):

    flexilis,

    Plin. 16, 40, 77, § 209; 10, 44, 61, § 126:

    juncea,

    id. 21, 14, 49, § 84; Juv. 11, 82.—
    2.
    Plur. (so most freq.; and by the ancient gram. sometimes regarded as plur. tantum;

    v. Neue, Formenl. I. p. 455),

    Cato, R. R. 10, 2; 11, 4; Verg. A. 11, 64; Hor. Epod. 2, 45; Col. 12, 15, 1 al.—
    B.
    Esp.
    1.
    A harrow; sing., Plin. 18, 16, 43, § 145; 18, 20, 49, § 180; 18, 18, 48, § 173.— Plur., Verg. G. 1, 94.—
    2.
    A hurdle with which criminals were covered, and on which stones were thrown; sing., Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 65; Liv. 1, 51, 9; 4, 50, 4; Tac. G. 12.—
    3.
    Milit., fascines, Caes. B. G. 4, 17; 5, 40; Liv. 10, 38, 5; Tac. A. 1, 68 al. —As a covering for besiegers in attacks, Curt. 5, 3, 7.—
    4.
    The ribs of a shield:

    umbonum,

    Verg. A. 7, 633; Curt. 10, 2, 23; Sil. 5, 522 sq.—
    5.
    = testudo, the interlocked shields of a rank of soldiers, Luc. 3, 485.—
    II.
    Transf., a joint, rib, etc.:

    pectoris,

    Verg. A. 12, 508:

    laterum,

    Ov. M. 12, 370; cf.

    spinae,

    the joints of the backbone, id. ib. 8, 806:

    favorum,

    honey-comb, Verg. G. 4, 214:

    cratem facit vitis,

    grows confusedly, Col. 4, 2, 1 al.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > cratis

  • 4 (crātis

        (crātis is), f    [CART-], wicker-work, a hurdle: terga suis rarā pendentia crate, kitchen-rack, Iu.: cratīs texunt virgis, V.: Claudens textis cratibus pecus, H.— A harrow: vimineae, V.— A hurdle (for drowning criminals): crate superne iniectā, L.—In war, fascines, Cs.— The ribs of a shield: umbonum, V.—A joint, rib (poet.): pectoris, V.: laterum, O.: spinae, the joints of the backbone, O.: favorum, honey-comb, V.

    Latin-English dictionary > (crātis

  • 5 exdorso

    ex-dorsŭo or - dorso, āre, v. a. [dorsum; lit., to deprive of the back; hence, in partic.], of fishes, to take out the backbone, to bone (ante- and post-class.):

    congrum, muraenam exdorsua, quantum potes,

    Plaut. Aul. 2, 9, 2:

    pisces (with desquamare),

    App. Mag. p. 301, 3; cf.:

    exdorsuare, dorso nudare,

    Non. 17, 29: exdorsua dorsum confringe; alii, exime, Paul. ex Fest. p. 79, 12 Müll.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > exdorso

  • 6 exdorsuo

    ex-dorsŭo or - dorso, āre, v. a. [dorsum; lit., to deprive of the back; hence, in partic.], of fishes, to take out the backbone, to bone (ante- and post-class.):

    congrum, muraenam exdorsua, quantum potes,

    Plaut. Aul. 2, 9, 2:

    pisces (with desquamare),

    App. Mag. p. 301, 3; cf.:

    exdorsuare, dorso nudare,

    Non. 17, 29: exdorsua dorsum confringe; alii, exime, Paul. ex Fest. p. 79, 12 Müll.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > exdorsuo

  • 7 nodus

    nōdus, i, m. [for gnodus; Sanscr. root gadh-, gandh-, grasp; cf. Gr. Chandanô, hold; gnathos, jaw; Lat. pre-hend-o; Germ. Knoten; Engl. knot], a knot (cf. nexus).
    I.
    Lit.:

    nodus vinculumque,

    Cic. Univ. 4: necte tribus nodis ternos, Amarylli, colores, Verg. E. 8, 77:

    Cacum Corripit in nodum complexus,

    clasping him as in a knot, id. A. 8, 260:

    nodos manu diducere,

    Ov. M. 2, 560:

    nodus Herculis or Herculaneus,

    a knot difficult to untie, of which Hercules was held to be the inventor, Plin. 28, 6, 17, § 63:

    unus tibi nodus, sed Herculaneus, restat,

    Sen. Ep. 87, 38:

    tamquam nodus Gordius difficillimus,

    Amm. 14, 11, 1: cingulum (novae nuptae) Herculaneo nodo vinctum vir solvit ominis gratia, Paul. ex Fest. s. v. cingulo, p. 63 Müll.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    A girdle ( poet.):

    nodoque sinus collecta fluentes,

    Verg. A. 1, 320; Mart. 6, 13, 5.—

    Hence, astronom.: nodus anni,

    the circle of the equator, Lucr. 5, 688.—
    2.
    A mode of dressing the hair, a knot, club:

    Rheni nodos,

    the hair of the Germans gathered into a club, Mart. 5, 37, 8; cf.:

    insigne gentis obliquare crinem nodoque substringere,

    Tac. G. 38.—
    3.
    Plur.:

    nodi,

    a knotted fishing-net, Manil. 5, 664.—
    4.
    A knot, knob, node on a joint of an animal's body:

    crura sine nodis,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 27:

    cervix articulorum nodis jungitur,

    Plin. 11, 37, 67, § 177; 11, 37, 88, § 217:

    dirae nodus hyaenae,

    a backbone, dorsal vertebra, Luc. 6, 672.—

    Hence, nodi articulorum,

    a swelling, tumor on the joints, Plin. 24, 5, 13, § 21; 30, 12, 36, § 110.—
    5.
    A knot, knob, fold, etc.
    (α).
    In wood or the branches of plants:

    baculum sine nodo aduncum tenens,

    Liv. 1, 18, 7; Sen. Ben. 7, 9:

    stipes gravidus nodis,

    Verg. A. 7, 507:

    telum solidum nodis,

    id. ib. 11, 553:

    gracilitas harundinis, distincta nodis,

    Plin. 16, 36, 64, § 158; Col. Arb. 3.—Hence, the knotty club of Hercules, Sen. Herc. Oet. 1661.—
    (β).
    Of a writhing serpent:

    nixantem nodis seque in sua membra plicantem,

    Verg. A. 5, 279.—
    (γ).
    Prov.: nodum in scirpo quaerere, to look for knots in a bulrush (which contains none), i. e. to find difficulties where there are none, Enn. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 330 Müll. (Sat. v. 46 Vahl.):

    in scirpo nodum quaeris,

    Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 22; Ter. And. 5, 4, 38.—
    6.
    A knot, hard part of a thing;

    so of metals,

    Plin. 34, 13, 37, § 136;

    of precious stones,

    id. 37, 10, 55, § 150.—
    7.
    A star in the constellation Pisces, Cic. Arat. 14; Caes. Germ. Arat. 243.—
    8.
    In astron.:

    nodi,

    the four points in the heavens where the seasons begin, the nodes, Manil. 3, 618; cf. id. 2, 430.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    In gen., a band, bond:

    his igitur singulis versibus quasi nodi apparent continuationis,

    Cic. Or. 66, 222:

    velut laxioribus nodis resolvemus,

    Quint. 9, 4, 127:

    amabilissimum nodum amicitiae tollere,

    Cic. Lael. 14, 51.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    A bond, obligation ( poet.):

    exsolvere animum nodis religionum,

    Lucr. 4, 7:

    imponere nodos, i. e. jusjurandum,

    Ov. H. 20, 39 Ruhnk.—
    2.
    A knotty point, difficulty, impediment.— Absol.:

    dum hic nodus expediatur non putet senatus nos oportere decedere,

    Cic. Att. 5, 21, 3: incideramus in difficilem nodum, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 11, 1.—With gen.:

    Abantem interimit, pugnae nodumque moramque,

    Verg. A. 10, 428:

    cum scopulus et nodus et mora publicae securitatis superesset Antonius,

    Flor. 4, 9, 1:

    qui juris nodos et legum aenigmata solvat (an allusion to the Gordian knot),

    Juv. 8, 50 (hence, Cicuta nodosus; v. nodosus).— Esp.: nodus linguae, the bond or tie of the tongue:

    nodum linguae rumpere,

    Gell. 5, 9, 2:

    nodos linguae solvere,

    Just. 13, 7, 6.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > nodus

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